International Conventions For The Protection And Promotion Of The Women's Right - Law Prep Tutorial Lucknow

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International Conventions for the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Women

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

(CEDAW), adopted in 1979 by the General Assembly UN, is often referred to as the International Code of Women's Rights. It consists of a preamble and 30 articles defining what constitutes discrimination against women and setting an agenda for national action to end such discrimination.

The Convention defines discrimination against women as "... any distinction, exclusion or restriction based on sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, of human rights and fundamental freedoms on the basis of equality between men and women in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field."

In adopting the Convention, States undertake to take a number of measures to end discrimination against women in all its forms, including

Enshrining the principle of equality between men and women in their legal systems, abolishing all discriminatory laws and adopting appropriate legislation prohibiting discrimination against women; establishing courts and other public institutions to ensure the effective protection of women against discrimination; and eliminating all discriminatory acts against women by persons, organizations, or businesses.

The Convention provides the basis for achieving equality between women and men by ensuring women's equal access to and opportunities in political and public life - including the right to vote and stand for election - and in education, health and employment. States Parties undertake to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, to enable women to enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms.

The Convention is the only human rights treaty that affirms women's reproductive rights and targets culture and tradition as influential forces shaping gender roles and family relationships. It affirms the right of women to acquire, change, or retain their nationality and that of their children. States parties also undertake to take appropriate measures against all forms of trafficking and exploitation of women.

Countries that have ratified or acceded to the Convention are legally bound to put its provisions into practice. They are also required to submit national reports at least every four years on the measures they have taken to fulfill their treaty obligations.