Legal Education In India - LPT Lucknow

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 India has been associated with quality legal education since ancient times. The Vedic education system, referred to as the Land of Dharma, paid great attention to the legal aspect of governance. There were specific rules and regulations that limited society, and their transgression was punished after proper checks and tests. However, in history, there is no formal legal education, and judges were appointed not on the basis of their qualifications, but on the basis of their reputation and righteousness. Comparing this history with today's legal education system, a fundamental commonality is the morality of right and wrong. Based on this concept of ethical and moral rectitude, the law and legislators decide on the seriousness of the crime and its punishment.


Current scenario of legal education


The present legal education system is a gift of the British rule in India. The first constructive step towards imparting formal legal education in India was taken in 1857 when three universities in Madras, Bombay and Calcutta established courses of study in law. As law and order became the mainstay of effective governance in the country, more universities were established to offer even more intensive law courses. With independence, India became the world's largest democracy, and the judicial system gained prominence and at times had the upper hand over the legislative and executive branches. Indeed, the judiciary has repeatedly played an important role in strengthening democratic values by intervening at crucial junctures when the legislature and executive failed to perform their duties responsibly.


With great power comes great responsibility, and to deal with that responsibility requires a learned person equipped with the right knowledge. Therefore, it is the responsibility of law schools to train students in the fundamentals of legal education so that they can grow into better judges and dispense justice in their future careers.


Courses and degrees


The current legal education system offers the following degrees to any aspirant seeking a legal career:


Bachelor of Law (LL.B): This is a three-year degree programme offered to undergraduate students. The curriculum is fairly uniform across all universities and covers a variety of topics ranging from the Indian Constitution to Hindu Family Law and IPC. The curriculum is uniformly spread over six semesters, with a qualifying examination for the new semester after each semester.


  • Master of Law (LL.M.): This is a two-year postgraduate degree programme. Admission requirement is a bachelor's degree in law.


  • Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.): For those who want to study Indian law.


  • Integrated Undergraduate Degrees: Autonomous law schools offer integrated degrees such as B.A LL.B, BSc. LL.B, BBA.LL.B, B.Com LL.B, which usually take five years to complete.

Admission requirements and admission procedures


A prerequisite for admission to all law programmes is completion of an undergraduate degree in any discipline. An exception is the five-year integrated degree programmes, which can be taken immediately after the undergraduate degree. Most LLB colleges in India consider the results of the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT), a centralised test administered by national law universities. However, there are other institutions such as the National Law University, Delhi, and some private colleges that administer their own admission tests.


Future of Legal Education


As time moves on, the viability of the current legal education curriculum needs to be constantly re-evaluated and improved as needed. In addition, quality standards must be strictly enforced and monitored over time. The judicial system must constantly evolve to deal with the increasingly complex and numerous crimes. There is still a great shortage of qualified lawyers in the country, which means that it takes a long time to resolve a case. To close this gap, more law schools need to be established.

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